Railway car truck side frame



Dec. 9, 1952 w. E. GRAY ETIAL 2,620,744

RAILWAY CAR TRUCK SIDE FRAME Filed March 25, 1949 s Sheets-Sheet 1 av onQM. wh

SN r 99 m val 1949} wh 1 l U u v A J 27222" mzzmmzf fa s 5012 es ZZ agen.

Dec. 9, 1952 w. E. GRAY EI'AL 2,620,744

RAILWAY CAR TRUCK SIDE FRAME 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 25, 1949 [72veniors- UL'ZZZ'Q??? E rqy, Charles 2/ a gen.

Dec. 9, 1952 w. E. GRAY arm.

Filed March 25, 1949 I Ill-Q fira y, d gen v liggs z Q Q Patented Dec.9, 1952 RAILWAY CAR TRUCK SIDE FRAME William E. Gray, West Lafayette,and Charles V. Gagen, La Fayette, Ind.

Substituted for application Serial No. 712,974, November 29, 1946. Thisapplication March 25, 1949, Serial No. 83,946

Claims.

The present invention relates to side frames for railway car trucks, andmore particularly to frames of the built-up type, comprising a pluralityof pre-formed structural steel elements, welded together to form aunitary frame.

This application is a substitute for our previous application, SerialNumber 712,974, filed November 29, 1946, now abandoned.

Up to the present time, in commercial practice, railway car truck sideframes have been produced as unitary cast structures. In the productionof such castings, regardless of the extreme care exercised, both in themolding operation and in attempting to employ molten metal of desiredcharacteristics, the castings produced frequently contain variousdefects, such as resulting from porosity of metal, caused by slagpockets, and sand pockets, and also resulting from shrinkage stresses.Defects of this nature are frequently not visible as a result of carefulinspection, examination, or testing of the castings, but often manifestthemselves upon a careful examination made incident to an investigationfollowing the breakage of such a side frame, such as occurs as a resultof wrecks or collisions. It is well known that a relatively highpercentage of freight train wrecks are directly attributable to inherentdefects in the cast truck side frames.

We are cognizant of the fact that several patents have heretofore issuedon proposed welded type side frames. However, toour knowledge, up to thepresent time, there has not been made commercially available to railwaycar manufacturers, any built-up type of welded structural steel truckside frames, which are capable of withstanding the rigorous conditionsof normal operation of such equipment. As is well known, truck sideframes are subjected to relatively great impact loads, and relativelysevere vibration, together with extremely great twisting strains andstresses. Moreover, these conditions of use are further aggravated bythe fact that such equipment is subject to fatigue caused by their usein wide temperature ranges, varying from approximately amaximumtemperature of l30+ F. to approximately a minimum temperature of 60- F.

Railway car manufacturers have for many years sought a side frameconstruction, capable of efficient use under normal operatingconditions, and which would be of reduced weight so as to permitobtaining a greater revenue load by reason of a reduction in weight inside frames, and which, in turn, would effect reduction in cost ofmaintenance in both the railway car, as

well as the roadbed.

It is one of the main objects of the present invention to provide animproved form of builtup railway car truck side frame, fabricated from aplurality of pre-formed structural steel elements, welded together toform a unitary structure which is capable of eflicient use under allnormal operating conditions, and which is capable of being economicallymanufactured.

Another object is to provide an improved built-up side frame of thecharacter indicated, which is comparatively light in Weight, and havingadequate strength in the various elements and components, capable ofwithstanding severe impacts, shocks, vibrations and relatively highstresses and strains, as well as twisting stresses and strains, togetherwith resistance to fatigue under usual temperature changes.

A further object is to provide an improved side frame construction,formed of a plurality of structural steel elements, capable of beingeasily and efiiciently welded together to form a unitary structure ofhollow formation, which is fully enclosed to reduce possibility ofcollection of dust, dirt and moisture, and which reduces possibility ofdeterioration by the elements.

Another object is to provide an improved sideframe construction usingstructural steel shapes of uniform size throughout their length so thatthey can be easily produced by a rolling operation in order to decreasetheir cost.

Still another object is to provide an improved side-frame design andconstruction which is adapted to have most of the welding done onautomatic welding machines so as to secure better welds with lowercosts.

Another object is to provide an improved sideframe design andconstruction in which the junctions between the elements of certainmembers are rounded with substantial radii so as to prevent stressconcentration at these points.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from thefollowing description,

taken in connection with the accompanying Figure 5 is an enlarged,transverse sectional view through an intermediate portion of the frameand a bolster guide lug, taken substantially as indicated at line 5--5on Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a disassembled, perspective view of the various elements orcomponents of the side frame per se; and

Figure 7 is an enlarged, perspective side elevational view of a unitarysub-assembly of the side frame.

It is to be understood that all of the elements comprising the sideframe per se, are preferably formed of high tensile strength alloy'steel, in'

order to utilize minimum thickness of metalwhile obtaining a desired oradequate'strength'throughout the various portions of the frame, and thusobtaining a relatively strong, durable side frame structure of minimumweight. The construction of the frame is such as to lend itself forassembly by the use of present-day automatic weldingapparatus whichmakes possible, economical manufacture thereof.

The built-up unitary side frame indicated generally at In in Figure 1 ofthe drawings, in cludes a structural steel tension member indicatedgenerally at l I and a structural steel compression member indicatedgenerally at l2. The'tension element includes a central or intermediateportion 14, extending substantially horizontally, the opposite endsofwhich merge into a pair of diagonally and upwardly and outwardlyextending portions 15. The compression element includes an intermediateor central portion H, extending substantially horizontally, the ends ofwhich merge into downwardly sloping portions IS. The outer ends of saidportions [8 are adapted to be weldedto the extreme upper ends oftthe'diagonal portions l5- of the tension element. The'tension-andcompression elements are formed in U-shaped cross section, andareprovided with a pair of spaced apart side flanges ZB a-nd M,respectively. As'shown in the drawings, the elements, when positioned inoperative relation, are disposed with their flanges-extending' towardeach other. The side flanges 2i of thecompression element, adjacent theouter ends thereof, are cut back withrespect to the web portion of saidelement, as clearly seen in Figure 6 of the drawings, so that the endsof the side flanges abut, and are adapted to be welded to the edges ofthe sideflanges of the tension element, adjacent the outer ends of thelatter, and with the outer ends of the web portion 'ofthe compressionelement abutting, and welded to the inner face of the web of the tensionelement,

adjacent the extreme ends thereof. The tension and compression elementsare adapted to surround and be welded to an internal unitarysub-assembly, as disclosed in Figure 7 of the drawings, as will bepresently described, and-at the same time, the ends of said tension andcompression elements are welded together as above mentioned. I

The internal sub-assen'ib-ly of the side frame as represented in Figure'7 of the drawings, is composed of a plurality of pro-formed elements orcomponents, welded together as a unitary subassembly. Said sub-assemblyincludes a bolster frame '25 of generally rectangular form, and a pair'of generally triangular truss frames 26. Each of said frames is formedin U-shaped cross section, and is provided with apair of spaced apart,outwardly extending sideflanges a and respectively. The flanges of therespective frames are spaced apart a distance equal to eachother,

and equal to the spacing of the flanges of the respective compressionand tension elements. These frames are formed from structural steelplate, and have their ends abutting on the upper legs thereof, asclearly seen in Figure 6 of the drawings, and their abutting ends beingwelded together as indicated at 25b and 28b respectively, formingintegral, relatively rigid unitary frames. The triangular frames 26 areconnected to the bolster frame '2'5-at opposite ends thereof, with theupright leg of each triangular frame positioned with the edges of itsflanges 26a in abutment with the edges of the flanges 25a of the uprightportions of the rectangular bolster frame,

' and said flanges being welded together at their planes of' abutment,as indicated at 28 in the drawings.

For convenience in manufacture and for obtaining maximum strength, thebolster frame, as well as the two triangular frames are formed withrounded corners. Thus, when the triangular frames are welded tothebolster frames, gaps are formed, adjacent opposite ends of the line ofcon tact of the respective flanges thereof. Welded in the gaps, atthe-upper ends of the connection of the bolster frame and triangularframes are two pair of gusset plates ilfl 'shaped to fit the contour ofthe round corners of the respective frames; and their top edgesbeingshaped to lit a corresponding portion of the contour of-thecompression element l2. Thesegusset platesare welded to the bolsterframe and-triangular frames as indicated at 3 I.

To fill the gaps formed at the lower end of the connection of thebolster frame to the triangular frames, we provide a pair of combina--tion gusset elements, as indicatedgenerally at 33 which include gussetportions 3 2 at opposite ends, which are shaped: to correspond tothecontourof the gaps. referred to' and which portions 34 areinterconnected by horizontally extending web portions 35 which areadapted toxfit around themarginal edge of the flanges 25a of the lowerhorizontal portion of the rectangular bolster frame; Thesegussetportions '34 are welded, as indicated at 38 to the edges of the flangesof the bolster frame, and triangularframesat: the rounded cornersthereof, and the web portions 35 are. welded with their upper edgesin'abutment with the edge of said flanges 25a atthe bottom horizontalportion of theloolster frame as indicated at 39.

The purpose of the web portion 35'of the combination gusset plates is toincrease the section of metal below the bolster frame, so the sub,-assembly frame, when finally assembled with the compression and tensionelements, is of a desired strength, and capable of withstanding theusual or normal loads, and twists and strains imposed upon the frame. Byusingthese combination gusset plates to increase the section of metalbelow the bolster frame for providing adequate strength in a highlystressed location, it is possible to form the bolster frame and 'alsothetension member from U-shaped metal sections having uniform flangeheights throughout their lengths. This greatly simplifies theirconstruc- Zion and results in decreased cost of fabricaion.

Connected to the outer rounded corners of each of the triangular frames26 are a pair of gusset plates 4!) of generally triangular shape, havinga contour corresponding to the, contour of the flanges 26a at saidcorners of the triangular frames, and the gusset plates-being welded tothe edges of said flanges as indicated at 4|. It is to be understoodthat the shape of the gusset plates is such as to complete the contourwith the triangular frames to correspond to the contour of the tensionand compression elements, when finally attached thereto. Thus theelements described, namely the bolster frame, triangular frames and thegusset plates, when welded together form a unitary sub-assembly asclearly seen in Figure 7 of the drawings, the upper marginal edge ofwhich corresponds to the contour of the compression element, and thelower edge, including diagonal leg portions of the triangular frames,corresponding to the contour of the tension element. The partscomprising the internal sub-assembly may be quick ly and easilyassembled, and welded together as a unitary structure, by placing of theparts in suitable jigs or fixtures to expedite mass production.

After the sub-assembly is completed as a unitary element, the tensionelement H and the compression element i2 are then welded in position, asindicated respectively at and 45 around the entire marginal edges of thesubassembly, with the edges of the flanges of the respective elementsabutting and being welded to the edges of the flanges of the bolsterframe and triangular frames, and to the respective gusset plates.elements are connected togetherby the flanges 2! of the compressionelement I2 being welded, as indicated at 8 to the end portions of theflanges 20 of the tension element II and with the projecting portion ofthe web of the compression element being welded as indicated at.

49 to the outer ends of the inner surface of th web of the tensionelement. a

The side frame thus produced is relatively light in weight and ofextremely rigid construction, capable of withstanding stresses, strains,

shocks, and vibrations, as well as temperature fatigue, such as may beencountered in normal operational conditions. It will be noted that theconstruction is such that any section through A either the tension orcompression element, at any plane of connection with the bolster frameor the triangular frames, or through the connection between thetriangular frames and bolster frames, is of tubular cross section,proaccumulation of dust, dirt and moisture, and

which tends to reduce possible deterioration by the elements.

Welded to the inner faces of the Webs of the upright portions of thebolster frame, as indicated at 56 are bolster guide lugs 51 which areformed of structural steel, and of generally U-shaped cross section, asclearly seen in Figure 5 of the drawings. The upper ends of the guidelugs are closed by end plates 52 welded within the U-shaped form of theguide. Thus the guide is of hollow, totally enclosed formation,providing adequate strength for its intended function.

Mounted upon the top of the web of the lower horizontal portion of thebolster frame, is a spring seat 55, of generally rectangular shape,welded in position as indicated at 56. The spring The tension andcompression seat is further reinforced in its connection to the sideframe by a plurality of gussets 58 welded 6 to the underside of saidseat 55 and to the adjacent outer wall of the side frame as clearly seenin the drawings.

Disposed at the opposite ends of the side frame are journal boxes,indicated generally at 60 which are preferably of the built-up type,formed of a plurality of structural steel parts Welded together. Thejournal boxes are adapted to be rigidly connected to the opposite endsof the side frame by a plurality of gussets 80, welded as indicated at8| to the top of the top of the journal box, and as indicated at 82 tothe outer surface of the web of the upper ends of the tension elementII. The outer edge of said gusset plates are preferably shaped toconstitute a continuation of the general contour of the compressionelement [2. The boxes are also connected to the side frame by a pair ofgussets 84 welded at 85 to the side wall of the box and Welded at 86 tothe outer surface of the web of the tension element H.

Although we have herein shown and described a preferred embodiment ofour invention, manifestly itis capable of modification and rearrangementof parts without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. We do not,therefore, wish to be understood as limiting this invention to theprecise form herein disclosed, except as we may be so limited by theappended claims.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, a tension elementhaving an intermediate horizontal portion merging at opposite ends intodiagonally and upwardly and outwardly extending portions, a compressionelement welded at its opposite ends to the ends of said diagonallyextending portions of the tension element, said elements being formed ofU-shaped cross section with the flanges of the respective elementsextending toward and in alignment with each other, a generallyrectangular bolster frame of U-shape cross section having its flangesextending in an outwardly direction, said frame being mounted betweensaid elements and having its flanges, of the two substantiallyhorizontally extending portions thereof, aligned edgewise With the edgesof the flanges of the respective tension and compression elements andwelded edgewise to the adjacent flanges of the compression element andadapted to be structurally interconnected edgewise to the alignedflanges of the tension element, two generally triangular frames of.U-shape cross section, having their flanges extending in an outwardlydirection, disposed at opposite sides of the bolster frame, with theflanges of the respective legs of each of said triangular frames alignededgewise and being welded respectively to the edges of the flanges ofthe upright portions of said bolster frame and edges of the flanges ofsaid tension and compression elements, said bolster and triangularframes each being formed with rounded corners, defining openings betweensaid frames and said tension and compression elements, and gusset platesfitted in each of said openings and welded around their entire marginaledges to the edges of the flanges of said frames and tension and compression elements, whereby to produce a hollow, totally enclosed side framebody.

2. In a built-up structural car truck side frame a tension elementhaving an intermediate horizontal portion merging at opposite ends intodiagonally and upwardly and outwardly extending portions, a compressionelement Welded at its opposite ends to the ends of said diagonallyextending portions of the tension element, saidLelements being formed ofU-shape cross. section with the flanges of the respective elementsextending toward and in alignment witheach other, a generallyrectangular bolster :frame of U-shape cross section having itsflanges'extende ing in an outwardly direction, said frame being mountedbetween said elements. and having the edges of the flanges of the topleg thereof aligned with and welded to the edges of-the'dependingflanges of the compression element, and a pair of spaced, apart platesinterposed between and aligned with and welded at opposite marginaledges respectively to the aligned edges of-the flanges of the bottom legof said bolster frame and to the aligned edges of the, upstandinglegsofthe tension element.

3.. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, an integralprefabricated sub-assembly compris ing an upright and generallyrectangular shaped bolster frame, a pair of. generally triangularshaped. frames arranged at opposite ends of the bolster frame with oneleg of eachotriangular frame, disposed in abutment with an upright legofthebolster frame, the other legs of each triangular f-rameextendingoutwardly and converging together, said bolster and triangular frameseach being formed of U-shaped cross section, with the flanges thereofextendingin an outwardly direction, the edges of the flanges of each ofsaid one leg of the triangular frames being aligned with and welded tothe edges of the flanges of the corresponding upright legs of thebolster frame, said bolster and triangular frames each being formed withrounded corners, defining gaps at opposite ends of the connections ofthe upright legs of said frames, gusset plates disposed in. said gapsand having their edges welded to the edges of said frames, and aseparate set of gusset'plates welded to the edges of the outer corner ofeach of the flanges of the triangular frames.

4. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, an integral,prefabricated sub-assembly comprising an upright and generallyrectangular shaped bolster frame, a pair of generally triangular shapedframes arranged at opposite ends of the bolster frame with one leg ofeach triangular frame disposed in abutment with an upright leg of thebolster frame, the other legs of each triangular frame extendingoutwardly and converging together, said bolster and triangular frameseach being formed of U-shaped cross section, with the flanges thereofextending in an outwardly direction, the edges of the flanges of each ofsaid one leg of the triangular frames being aligned with and welded tothe edges of the flanges of the corresponding upright legs of thebolster frame, said bolster and triangular frames each being formed withrounded corners, defining gaps at opposite ends of the connections ofthe upright legs of said frames, a plurality of pairs of spaced apartgusset plates, positioned in said gaps and at the outer corners of thetriangular frames and welded in abutting relation to the marginal edgesof the flanges of said frames; a tension element, and a compressionelement, said elements being of U-shaped cross section and formed for aclose flt in total surrounding relation to the sub-assembly, with theedges of the flanges of the respective elements being securedrespectively to the adjacent edges of the flanges of said bolster frame,and triangular frames and to said spaced apart gussets, to provide atotally enclosed, unitary side frame body.

5.- In a built-upstructural car trucksideframe, an integral,prefabricated sub-assembly comprising-an upright and generallyrectangular shaped bolster frame, a pair of generally triangular shapedframes arranged at opposite ends of the bolster frame with one leg ofeachtriangular frame disposed in abutment with an upright leg of thebolster frame, the other'legs of each triangular frame extendingoutwardly and convergin together, said bolster and triangular frameseach being formed of U-shapedcross section, with the flanges thereofextending in an outwardly direction, the edges of the flangesof eaeh'of'said one leg of the triangular frames being'alignedwith and welded tothe edges ofjthe, flanges of the corresponding upright legs ofthe'bolster frameysaid bolster. and triangular frameseach being formedwith rounded corners, defining gaps'at opposite ends oftheconnections ofthe upright legs 'of-said frames, a plurality of pairs of spaced apartgusset plates, positioned in said gaps and at the outer corners of thetriangular frames. and welded in abutting relation to the marginal edgesof the flangesof said frames; and a pair of spaced apart plates alignedwith and welded at corresponding edges to theedges of the flanges of thebottom leg of said bolsterframe.

6. In a, built-up structural car truck. side frame, a prefabricatedouter sub-assembly comprising a tension channel and acompressionchannel, said tension and compression channels bein weldedtogether at theircends, and having theirv flanges aligned and spacedapart the same distance along the entire length of. said channels, saidflanges extending inwardly along theentire interior periphery of theouter sub-assembly; and an inner sub-assembly having an outer peripheralcontour substantially the same as. the inner. peripheral contour of theouter subassembly, saidinner sub-assembly. along. its entire peripherallength presenting a pair of outwardly extending flanges spaoedapart thesame distance, the peripheral flanges of said inner and outersub-assemblies being spaced'apart the same distance and adapted to be.aligned edgewise with each otherand to be welded to each other alongtheiradjacent edges, whereby said built-up frame comp-rises a.continuoustotally enclosed hollow box beam tension member and a. continuoustotally enclosed hollow box beam compression member integrally formedwith the interiors of said box beams in communication with each other.

'7. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, a prefabricatedoutersub-assembly comprising a tension channel and a compression channel,said tension andcompression channels being welded together at their endsand having their flanges aligned and spaced apart the same distancealong the entire length of said channels, said flanges extendin inwardlyalong the entire interior periphery of the outer sub-assembly; an innersubassembly having an outer peripheral contoursubstantially the same asthe inner peripheral contour of the outer sub-assembly, said innersubassembly along its entire peripheral length presenting a pair ofoutwardly extending flanges spacedapart the same distance, theperipheral flanges of said inner and outer sub-assemblies being spacedapart the same distance and adapted to be aligned edgewise with eachother and to be welded to each other along their adjacent edges, wherebysaid built-up frame comprises a con tinuous totally enclosed hollow boxbeam tension member and a continuous totally enclosed hollow box beamcompression member integrally formed with the interiors of said boxbeams in communication with each other; and said inner sub-assemblyhaving formed integrally therein a pair of spaced columns adapted toextend substantially vertically between the tension and compression boxbeams.

8. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, a prefabricated outersub-assembly comprising a tension channel and a compression channel,said tension and compression channels being welded together at theirends and having their flanges aligned and spaced apart the same distancealong the entire length of said channels, said flanges extendinginwardly along the entire interior periphery of the outer sub-assembly;an inner subassembly having an outer peripheral contour substantiallythe same as the inner peripheral contour of the outer sub-assembly, saidinner subassembly along its entire peripheral length presenting a pairof outwardly extending flanges spaced apart the same distance, theperipheral flanges of said inner and outer sub-assemblies being spacedapart the same distance and adapted to be aligned edgewise with eachother and to be welded to each other along their adjacent edges, wherebysaid built-up frame comprises a continuous totally enclosed hollow boxbeam tension member and a continuous totally enclosed hollow box beamcompression member integrally formed with the interiors of said boxbeams in communication with each other; and said inner sub-assemblyhaving formed integrally therein a pair of totally enclosed box beamcolumns adapted to extend substantially vertically between the tensionand compression box beams, with the interiors of said hollow box beamcolumns in communication with the interiors of said tension andcompression box beam members.

9. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, a prefabricated outersub-assembly comprising a tension channel and a compression channel,said tension and compression channels being welded together at theirends and having their flanges aligned and spaced apart the same distancealong the entire length of said channels, said flanges extendinginwardly along the entire interior periphery of the outer sub-assembly;an inner sub-assembly having an outer peripheral contour substantiallythe same as the inner peripheral contour of the outer sub-assembly, saidinner sub-assembly along its entire peripheral length presenting a pairof outwardly extending flanges spaced apart the same distance, theperipheral flanges of said inner and outer sub-assemblies being spacedapart the same distance and adapted to be aligned edgewise with eachother and to be welded to each other along their adjacent edges; wherebysaid built-up frame comprises a continuous totally enclosed hollow boxbeam tension member and a continuous totally enclosed hollow box beamcompression member integrally formed with the interiors of said boxbeams in communication with each other; said inner sub-assemblycomprising an upright and generally rectangular shaped bolster frame, apair of generally triangular shaped frames arranged at opposite ends ofthe bolster frame with one leg of each triangular frame disposed inabutment with an upright leg of the bolster frame, the other legs ofeach triangular frame extending outwardly and converging together, saidbolster and triangular frames each being formed of U-shapedcrosssection, with the flanges thereof extending in an outwardlydirection, the edges of the flanges of each of said one leg of thetriangular frames being aligned with and welded to the edges of theflanges of the corresponding upright legs of the bolster frame, saidbolster and triangular frames each being formed with rounded corners,defining gaps at opposite ends of the connections of the upright legs ofsaid frames, gusset plates disposed in said gaps and having their edgeswelded to the edges of said frames, and a separate set of gusset plateswelded to the edges of the outer corners of each of the flanges 0f thetriangular frames.

10. In a built-up structural car truck side frame, an inner sub-assemblyhaving along its entire peripheral length a pair of outwardly extendingflanges spaced apart the same distance, said spaced flanges having inneredges and being interconnected therebetween along the entire lengththereof; a tension channel and a compression channel adapted to bewelded together at their ends and having inwardly extending flangesalong their entire length spaced apart the same distance as the flangeson said inner sub-assembly, the inner peripheral contour of said channelflanges, when the tension and compression channels are secured togetherat their ends, being substantially the same as the outer peripheralcontour of the inner sub-assembly, the edges of the outwardly extendingflanges 0f the inner subassembly and the edges of the inwardly extendingflanges of the tension and compression channels being aligned edgewiseand adapted to be welded to each other along their adjacent edges,whereby said built-up frame is formed with a continuous totally enclosedhollow box beam tension member and a continuous totally enclosed hollowbox beam compression member integrally formed, with the interiors ofsaid box beams in communication with each other.

WILLIAM E. GRAY. CHARLES V. GAGEN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,195,111 Slick Aug. 15, 19161,246,381 Benner Nov. 13, 1917 1,283,049 Benner Oct. 29, 1918 1,610,058Kadel Dec. 7, 1926 2,181,709 Schenck et al Nov. 28, 1939 2,338,684Cottrell Jan. 4, 1944 2,393,046 Keller Jan. 15, 1946 2,443,980 Fish June22, 1948

